Manta Season: What to Expect!
Every year between May to November, Baa Atoll UNSECO Biosphere Reserve gets hit by the monsoonal ocean upwelling bringing forth plankton rich currents, attracting the largest aggregation of reef manta rays in the world to Hanifaru, Baa Atoll.
Hundreds of these graceful giants glide through the crystal-clear waters of Hanifaru Bay every season, captivating the hearts of adventurers and nature enthusiasts alike, offering a mesmerizing spectacle that will leave you in awe. During the season, manta sightings are abundant not only Hanifaru Bay but the whole of Baa Atoll.
We are thrilled to share with you this magnificent wonder and invite you to embark on an extraordinary journey into the realm of manta rays.
Reef manta aggregation in Hanifaru Bay, Baa Atoll (credit: Manta Trust)
The Enchanting World of Manta Rays
Maldives has a massive resident population of reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi), and an annual migratory population of oceanic manta rays (Mobula birostris). Reef manta rays have a wingspans upto 4.5 meters (15 feet) and oceanic manta rays have an impressive 6.8 to 7 meters (22 feet). Manta rays also hold the title for having the largest brain-to-size ratio among cold-blooded fish, comparable to the cognitive function of dolphins, primates, and elephants.
Reef manta ray
(credit: Marc Dando)
Oceanic manta ray
(credit: Marc Dando)
Scientific studies have revealed fascinating insights into the intelligence and cognitive capabilities of manta rays. It has been discovered that these magnificent creatures possess a level of self-awareness, as they have been shown to recognize themselves in mirrors.
Further investigations into their cognitive prowess have demonstrated that manta rays can create mental maps of their environment, relying on olfactory and visual cues. This evidence suggests the presence of highly developed long-term memory, enabling them to navigate their surroundings with exceptional skill and efficiency.
Both species of manta ray (oceanic and reef) are renowned as filter feeders, utilizing a unique feeding mechanism to sustain themselves. They glide through the water with their mouths wide open, drawing in tiny zooplankton and krill. These small organisms are then sifted through rows of minuscule rakes called gill plates that line their mouths. Manta rays exhibit creative feeding techniques, such as somersaulting repeatedly to remain stationary in areas densely packed with krill. They also engage in chain-feeding, forming a circular formation where each individual follows the other, creating a cyclone effect that traps food in a mesmerizing spiral.
Illustration of manta ray feeding strategies (credit: Marc Dando)
While manta rays typically live solitary lives or in small groups, they often congregate when it's time to feed. Considered formidable predators, they venture to great depths beneath the ocean's surface in search of prey, showcasing their prowess as agile hunters.
One of the fascinating behaviours exhibited by manta rays is their regular visits to cleaning stations. These designated spots on coral reefs attract smaller sea creatures that offer cleaning services. Manta rays patiently stay still for several minutes at these stations, while cleaner fish delicately remove parasites and dead skin from their bodies. Astonishingly, many individual manta rays display a strong affinity for specific cleaning stations, returning to them repeatedly, creating a fascinating bond between the rays and the cleaning organisms.
Manta Season
Based on the insightful research conducted by the Maldives Manta Ray Conservation Programme (MMCP), we can expect an abundance of thrilling encounters with these graceful creatures in the manta season.
In 2022, MMCP researchers diligently recorded an estimated 6,071 sightings of reef manta rays in Baa Atoll. Although these numbers are yet to be fully confirmed, they indicate a slight decrease compared to the previous year's 7,306 confirmed sightings. Once the 2022 sightings are validated, it may solidify 2021 as the year with the highest number of annual sightings on record, showcasing the remarkable presence of manta rays in the region.
Annual reef manta rays sighted in Baa Atoll between 2008-2022 (source: Manta Trust)
Examining the sightings from 2008 to 2021, fluctuations were observed in manta ray sightings during the 2022 season. The numbers vary across the months, with June (1,094), July (893), August (1,307), September (793), and October (947) showcasing distinct patterns. Interestingly, unlike in 2021, where the peak sightings occurred in September (1,858), the peak in 2022 was observed in August. While the peak numbers in 2022 were lower than the previous year, they still offer an exciting opportunity to witness these magnificent creatures in their natural habitat.
Within the captivating expanse of Hanifaru Bay, MMCP researchers documented a total of 5,011 estimated sightings in 2022. Although this number is slightly lower than the confirmed sightings of 6,137 in 2021, it still ranks as the second-highest ever recorded by the MMCP. Remarkably, the highest confirmed sightings in Hanifaru Bay were observed in 2018 and 2020, with counts of 3,838 and 4,659, respectively, underscoring the significance of this area for manta ray encounters.
Annual reef manta rays sighted in Hanifaru Bay, Baa Atoll between 2008 to 2022 (source: Manta Trust)
The trend of manta ray sightings in Hanifaru Bay MPA closely aligns with the overall patterns observed in Baa Atoll as a whole. During the 2022 season, the highest number of manta ray sightings in Hanifaru Bay was recorded in August, with an impressive count of 1,228 individuals. This highlights the significance of August as a prime time to witness the majestic gathering and mesmerizing behaviors of manta rays.
Notably, the allure of Baa Atoll extends beyond manta rays. The region is also frequented by another remarkable species—the whale shark. These gentle giants often share the same feeding grounds as reef manta rays, providing a double delight for marine enthusiasts. In 2022, the MMCP team recorded 36 whale shark sightings in Baa Atoll between May 15th and November 30th. August emerged as the peak month for whale shark sightings, with 10 encounters, the majority of which occurred in Hanifaru Bay. Overall, 26 of the total whale shark sightings were recorded in Hanifaru Bay, a significant increase from the 13 sightings documented in 2021.
Key Viewing Hot Dates
To assist in planning your manta ray adventures, we have determined the most likely mass aggregation dates for mantas in Baa Atoll for the upcoming seasons.
2024
June 4–8
June 20–24
July 4–8
July 19–23
August 2–6
August 17–21
September 1–5
September 16–20
September 30 – October 4
October 15–19
October 30 – November 3
November 7–11
November 29 – December 3
2025
June 4–8
June 20–24
July 4–8
July 19–23
August 2–6
August 17–21
September 1–5
September 16–20
September 30 – October 4
October 15–19
October 30 – November 3
November 14–18
Keep in mind that manta ray sightings are subject to weather conditions and the disposition of the animals on any given day.
Experiencing The Gentle Giants Up Close
Now that we have learned about where and when to find manta rays in the Maldives, let's explore the exhilarating experiences that await visitors who wish to swim with these magnificent creatures. The Maldives offers various opportunities, including snorkeling, diving, and specialized excursions, all designed to provide unforgettable encounters with manta rays.
Physical distance recommended by MMCP to maintain when swimming or diving with manta rays (source: Manta Trust)
MMCP have developed a comprehensive Best Practice Code of Conduct for Manta Ray Tourism. These guidelines not only enhance visitors' experiences but also ensure the encounters do not disturb the mantas.
Here are ten distilled steps that will help you make the most of your manta ray swim:
Enter the water quietly and calmly, maintaining a distance of at least 10 meters (33 feet) from the manta ray. This respectful approach allows you to observe them without causing any disturbance.
Keep your fins below the water's surface while swimming. Splashing and excessive noise can startle mantas, so it is important to approach them as quietly as possible.
Avoid approaching closer than 3 meters (10 feet) to the manta ray. Instead, remain still and let the manta come to you. This allows for natural and unforced interactions.
When approaching a manta, do so from the side, giving them a clear path ahead. This approach ensures that the manta feels comfortable and unobstructed during the encounter.
Resist the temptation to chase after a manta as it swims past you. Mantas are incredibly fast, and you will not be able to keep up with them. Chasing them will only cause distress and potentially scare them away.
It is crucial to refrain from touching the manta rays. Physical contact can disrupt their natural behavior and harm their delicate skin. Moreover, touching mantas is strictly prohibited by local laws and regulations, and violations may result in fines.
If you are scuba diving with mantas, there's a high chance of encountering them at cleaning stations, which are vital for their well-being. During these encounters, remain at the side of the cleaning station and avoid swimming onto the main cleaning area. Respecting their space ensures that the mantas can receive the necessary cleaning without disruption.
Scuba divers should maintain a low profile and hover close to the seabed, being cautious not to damage the fragile coral reef below. Depending on the dive site, specific areas may be designated for divers, and it is important to adhere to these guidelines to protect the marine environment.
When a manta swims towards you while scuba diving, allow it to pass overhead without blocking its path. Stay low and maintain your position, allowing the manta to continue its natural movement undisturbed.
In addition to the above steps, always ensure that you follow any additional rules, laws, and regulations specific to the manta ray site you are visiting. Local authorities and conservation organizations may have additional guidelines in place to safeguard these incredible creatures and their habitat.
By adhering to these guidelines, you can have a truly remarkable and responsible experience while swimming with manta rays in the Maldives. Remember, these encounters are not only exhilarating but also play a crucial role in conserving and protecting these gentle giants. Enjoy your journey into the captivating world of manta rays, and always prioritize their well-being and the preservation of their habitat.
Conservation and Research Efforts
In the Maldives, there are ongoing conservation initiatives dedicated to protecting manta rays and their habitat. One prominent organization leading these efforts is the MMCP, formerly known as the Maldivian Manta Ray Project (MMRP). As the flagship research project of the Manta Trust, the MMCP has become one of the largest and longest-standing manta ray conservation groups globally, with a history dating back to 2005.
The MMCP's work extends across the Maldives, conducting research and collaborating with various stakeholders. A significant partnership is formed with the Baa Atoll UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Office, which manages the protection and sustainable use of Baa Atoll. The MMCP closely collaborates with the Biosphere Reserve Office on activities such as data collection, education, and outreach workshops.
Manta research conducting photo ID (credit: Manta Trust)
Over the years, the MMCP has achieved key milestones in manta ray conservation in the Maldives, includes identification of over 5,500 individual reef mantas from more than 80,000 sightings, along with over 850 oceanic mantas. This extensive data contributes to understanding population dynamics and movement patterns.
The MMCP's commitment to conservation extends beyond research and tourism. Since 2015, they have been implementing outreach initiatives in schools across four atolls. These efforts have grown to establish a comprehensive marine education program called Moodhu Madharusaa, meaning Ocean School. Through experiential learning, nature-based field trips, and swimming and snorkeling lessons, the program aims to educate students about environmental issues and engage them in conservation solutions.
Maldivian students on a swim with manta rays trip under Manta Trust’s flagship education & outreach program, Moodhu Madharusaa (credit: Manta Trust)
Conclusion
To conclude, the Maldives offers a captivating and exhilarating experience for manta ray enthusiasts. The annual aggregation of reef manta rays in Hanifaru, Baa Atoll, between May and November is a mesmerising spectacle that attracts adventurers and nature enthusiasts from around the world. To make the most of your manta ray swim, it is essential to follow the Best Practice Code of Conduct developed by the MMCP, ensuring a responsible and respectful encounter with these gentle giants.
By adhering to the guidelines, respecting their habitat, and supporting conservation initiatives, visitors can have a remarkable and responsible experience while swimming with manta rays in the Maldives. The ongoing efforts in manta ray conservation aim to protect these magnificent creatures and preserve the delicate balance of the marine ecosystems in the region.
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